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Ch 3.4 Information Systems and Business Strategy.
Strategic information systems computer systems at any level of the organization that change goals, operations, products, services, or environmental relationships to help the organization gain a competitive advantage.
Value chain model model that highlights the primary or support activities that add a margin of value to a firm's products or services where information services can best be applied to achieve a competitive advantage.
Efficient customer response system system that directly links consumer behavior back to distribution, production, and supply chains.
Business-level strategy
Firm-level strategy
Industry-level strategy
Competitive force model model used to describe the interaction of external influences, specifically threats and opportunities, that affect an organization's strategy and ability to compete.
Ch4. The Digital Firm: e-Business and e-Commerce
Characteristics of Internet Technology
Business model An abstraction of what an enterprise is and how the enterprise delivers a product or service, showing how the enterprise creates wealth.
Types of Internet Business Models
• Virtual storefront sells physical products directly to consumers or to individual businesses.
• Information broker provides product, pricing, and availability information to individuals and businesses. Generates revenues from advertising or from directing buyers to sellers.
• Transaction broker saves users money and time by processing online sales transactions, generating a fee each time a transaction occurs. Also provides information on rates and terms.
• Online marketplace provides a digital environment where buyers and sellers can meet, search for products, display products, and establish prices for those products.
• Content provider creates revenue by providing digital content, such as digital news, music, photos, or video, over the Web.
• Online service provider provides online service for individuals and business and generates revenue from subscription or transaction fees.
• Virtual community provides online meeting place where people with similar interests can communicate and find useful information.
• Portal provides initial point of entry to the Web along with specialized content and other services.
Richness measurement of the depth and detail of information that a business can supply to the customer as well as information the business collects about the customer.
Reach measurement of how many people a business can connect with and how many products it can offer those people.
Disintermediation the removal of organizations or business process layers responsible for certain intermediary steps in a value chain.
Reintermediation the shifting of the intermediary role in a value chain to a new source.
Web personalization the tailoring of Web content directly to a specific user.
Channel conflict competition between two or more different distribution channels used to sell the products or services of the same company.
B2B e-commerce electronic sales of goods and services among businesses
• private industrial network ( private exchange ) links a firm to its suppliers, distributors, and other key business partners for efficient supply chain management and other collaborative commerce activities.
• Net marketplace a single digital marketplace based on internet technology linking many buyers to many sellers
• Exchange third-party Net marketplace that is primary transaction oriented and that connects many buyers and suppliers for spot purchasing.
Ch 6. Managing Hardware and Software Assets.
Computer processing
• Batch processing a method of collecting and processing data in which transactions are accumulated and stored until a specified time when it is convenient or necessary to process them as a group.
• Online processing a method of collecting and processing data in which transactions are entered directly into the computer system and processed immediately.
Secondary storage technology relatively long term, nonvolatile storage of data outside the CPU and primary storage
• Magnetic (2 kinds floppy and hard disks(RAID)) and Optical (CD-ROM & DVD)
• SAN(storage area network) a high-speed network dedicated to storage that connects different kinds of storage devices, such as tape libraries and disk arrays so that they can be shared by multiple servers across the enterprise.
Computer Networks
• Centralizing processing processing that is accomplished by one large central computer.
• Distributed processing the distribution of computer processing work among multiple computers linked by a communications network.
• Client-server computing splits processing between clients and servers on a network, assigning functions to the machine most able to perform the function.
• Peer to peer computing form of distributed processing that links computers via the Internet or private networks so that they can share processing tasks.
System software generalized programs that manage the computer's resources, such as the central processor, communications links, and peripheral devices.
• Operating systems manages and controls the activities of the computer. ( schedules computer events, allocates computer resources, and monitors events)
• Language translators (Interpreters and compilers)
• Utility programs (Routine operations, manage data)
Application software programs written for a specific application to perform functions specified by end users
• programming languages
OS capabilities ( multiprocessing, multiprogramming, virtual storage, time sharing)
Software for enterprise integration.
• middleware software that connects two disparate applications, allowing them to communicate with each other and to exchange data.
• Enterprise software set of integrated modules for applications such as sales and distribution, financial accounting, investment management, materials management, production planning, plain maintenance, and human resources that allow data to be used by multiple functions and business processes.
Ch 7. Managing Data Resources.
File organization terms ( Bit > Byte > Field > Record > File > Database)
Entity a person, place, thing, or event about which information must be kept.
Attribute a piece of information describing a particular entity.
Key field a field in a record that uniquely identifies instances of that record so that it can be retrieved, updated, or sorted.
Problems with traditional file environment
• Data Redundancy and Confusion
• Program-Data Dependence
• Lack of Flexibility
• Poor Security
• Lack of Data-Sharing and Availability
DBMS special software to create and maintain a database and enable individual business applications to extract the data they need without having to create separate files or data definitions in their computer programs.
Logical view a representation of data as they would appear as an application programmer or end user.
Physical view the representation of data as they would actually be organized on physical storage media.
There is only one physical view of data, but there can be many different logical views.
Types of DBMS
• Relational DBMS a type of logical database model that treats data as if they were stored in two-dimensional tables. It can relate data stored in one table to data in another as long as the two tables share a common data element.
• tuple a row or record in a relational database
• select, join, project
• Hierarchical DBMS older logical database model that organizes data in a treelike structure. A record is subdivided into segments that are connected to each other in one-to-many parent-child relationships.
• Network DBMS older logical database model that is useful for depicting many-to-many relationships.
• Object-oriented DBMS an approach to data management that stores both data and the procedures acting on the data as objects that can be automatically retrieved and shared, the objects can contain multimedia.
Data Trends
OLAP (Online analytical processing) capability for manipulating and analyzing large volumes of data from multiple perspectives.
Data warehouse A database, with reporting and query tools, that stores current and historical data extracted from various operational systems and consolidated for management reporting and analysis.
Data mart a small data warehouse containing only a portion of the organization's data for a specified function or population of users.
Datamining Analysis of large pools of data to find patterns and rules that can be used to guide decision making and predict future behavior.
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